infestans strains decreases the effectiveness of R-genes. Genetic modification using cisgenes is preferable as it is a feasible and highly efficient approach with low risks and high societal acceptability. Multiple resistance (R) genes have been introduced in potato varieties to provide durable resistance to late blight. Providing genetic resistance against pests and diseases is another crop protection approach. Another economical and eco-friendly remedial measure for plant diseases being adopted involves the use of nanoparticles against plant pathogens. antagonistic effects or induction of plant defence mechanisms) has proved to be a potential approach. The use of microorganisms as biological control agents owing to their different modes of actions (i.e. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find alternative eco-friendly crop protection methods. Control of the disease has been achieved up to a great extent through the use of fungicides, but their extensive application is harmful for the environment. The use of conventional control methods (cultural practices and fungicides) was limited due to their inefficiency and non-biodegradable nature. The occurrence and rigorousness of late blight caused by Phytophthora can be reduced by adopting effective and durable control methods. It affects both potato foliage in the field and tuber in the storage which can absolutely destroy a crop, producing a 100% crop loss. ![]() ![]() Among various biotic stresses, late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is the most devastating disease. Potato ( Solanum tuberosum) is the fourth most produced noncereal crop worldwide.
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